Philip: Our trip to the Great Wall has apparently made men out of us. It was a tough climb to the high point, up steep uneven steps, with crowds of other tourists (mainly Chinese, as elsewhere). As I went up, it occurred to me that the Wall is a great symbol of China’s identity dilemma. National identity is constructed out of a process of selective remembering and forgetting: countries choose to forget or remember key moments and passages in their collective past in order to emphasize elements of their current character. The Great Wall is now serving that purpose: it represents Chinese strength and unity, the great barrier that kept out the barbarians of the north and brought the country together. But, as we read, the wall has failed this purpose more often than it has served it. The wall itself was only as effective a barrier as the soldiers who manned it, and as the emperors who stationed them there. It was not capable of keeping out the Mongols (admittedly, they invaded centuries before much of the wall was built), or the Manchu after them. And the wall was powerless against the western barbarians, the Germans, Russians and English who imposed their will on the Chinese in more recent times. But the Chinese are now trying to forget those periods of weakness, and have created the modern myth of one strong united country. Well may the wall serve them.